Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative opportunistic bacterium that may cause a myriad of clinical diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. Antimicrobial therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Hilmar wisplinghoff, harald seifert, in infectious diseases third edition, 2010. All four had infections with other organisms during their treatment course. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, ubiquitous and aerobic gramnegative opportunistic organism that had been seldomreported as a cause of ocular infection in the past. Risk factors for mortality among patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in tokyo, japan, 19962009. In about three fourths of the cases, the treatment was successful, while less than 20% of the.
This bacterium is found in various environments such as. Treatment of patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections categorized by presence or absence of mechanical ventilation. Transposon mutagenesis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia oak ridge strain 02 team members. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf patients. In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of s. It is a freeliving organism present in most aquatic and humid environments.
For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Explain mechanisms of stenotrophomonas maltophilia antimicrobial resistance. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Can levofloxacin be a useful alternative to trimethoprim. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, mortality, and treatment of s. For susceptible strains, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole is recommended as the primary antimicrobial therapy. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. The bacteria are consistently being implicated in necrotizing otitis, cutaneous infections including soft tissue infection and keratitis, endocarditis, meningitis, acute.
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmpsmx is recommended as the treatment of choice for s. The patient was admitted because of mild hemoptysis and productive cough with infiltrative shadow in the right lower lung field on chest x ray. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, biofilmforming bacterium. Concomitant nosocomial pathogens were present in 30% of patients 3.
It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream infections, respiratory infections, urinary infections and surgicalsite infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a general hospital. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in the debilitated host. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia a lowgrade pathogen with numerous virulence factors article pdf available in infectious diseases 5. During 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 24% of 104 cystic fibrosis patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. Although generally regarded as an organism of low virulence, s. We describe the first known case of pneumonia caused by a mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia xanthomonas maltophilia strain in a patient with bronchiectasis. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. The time to return to baseline respiratory status was 5 days 010 median range days in the treated group and 4 days 019 p 0. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole sxt.
In a number of cases, the prescription of prolong antibiotic therapy. Pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a. Significance of positive stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The clinical symptoms were mild, and treatment with minocycline was effective. The clinical and laboratory standards institute provides guidelines for the. Antibiotics resistance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was recovered from 15 cases of ocular infection, at a rate of one in every 39 ocular specimens in the 1970s, one in 4 in the 1980s, and one in 363 in the 1990s. S maltophilia is not an inherently virulent pathogen, but its ability to colonise respiratorytract epithelial cells and surfaces of. Idsa guidelines recommend removal of infected device plus. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a lifethreatening nosocomial pathogen with profound multidrugresistant attributes. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia a lowgrade pathogen. Current and emerging treatments for patients infected with s.
Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Introduction stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus, previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and later as xanthomonas maltophilia 14. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, multidrugresistant organism that is typically hospitalacquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality 1, 2. Organisms with a minocycline mic of 4 mgl were associated with failure, but many confounders were present in these patients making the implications. Sensitivity was described the antimicrobial, reported in the final result of. Transposon mutagenesis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Retrospective analysis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia 12271 int j clin exp med 2017. Xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Haley gianfrancesco, hanna gilligan, gabriella hosack advisor. Monotherapy with fluoroquinolone or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole for treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections yu lin wang, marco r. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen, causing. Retrospective analysis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection with tigecycline. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a resistant pathogen that can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, respiratory system, central nervous system and urinary tract infections in patients with risk factors like malignancy or neutropenia, use of broadspectrum antibiotics like carbapenem or. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a common coloniser of the respiratory tract of patients with chronic lung disease, and, in the absence of pneumonia or bacteraemia, is often ignored by physicians at the royal perth hospital perth, australia.
Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection. Clinical outcomes using minocycline for stenotrophomonas. Combination therapy can be given for lifethreatening infections. A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. Jonathan caguiat abstract a multimetal resistant strain of stenotrophomonas maltophilia or02 s. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrugresistant global. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree.
Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen 14, particularly among hospitalized patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is one of the nine most common organisms from respiratory specimens of intensive care unit icu patients in europe. Treatment outcomes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Frontiers stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging. It was later classified within the genus pseudomonas, then xanthomonas, and then finally stenotrophomonas in 1993. Organization and format errata, author corrections illustrations and tables. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that was transferred from the genus pseudomonas via the xanthomonas group to the newly defined genus stenotrophomonas.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections of intact skin. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious disease and. Patient characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment outcome. Hilmar wisplinghoff, in infectious diseases fourth edition, 2017. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Surveillance on european icus showed that 4% of 1409 bronchial lavage specimens grew s. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article. Pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia occupied the 12th place among the most frequently isolated microorganisms in hermanos ameijeiras hospital during 2006. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. Pdf antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas bacteremia antibiotic susceptibility and. For information about the attributable mortality of. How are stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections treated. In a hospital setting, they are able to survive and multiply in fluids such as mucus of the respiratory system, urine, intravenous iv fluids, and irrigation fluids used to clean wounds or body cavities such as the. However, because of concern regarding adverse events related to tmpsmx, levofloxacin has also been used for treating. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. What is the treatment for infection by the bacterium.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Outbreak of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on an intensive. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. Management of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in. Ribotyping and pulsefield gel electrophoresis pfge characterizati. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality 1, 4. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a general. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in intensive care unit icu patients has been. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is inherently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents that are used to treat gramnegative infections, such as cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. We found a high rate of clinical success using minocycline for treatment of invasive infections caused by s. Our study aims to investigate the demographics, clinical characteristics, risk factors, drug resistance and treatment choice of steno. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can be cultured on a variety of laboratory media. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus that has been isolated from multiple environmental sources apsiarnthanarak et al. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has.
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